Connection between language,culture and identity Essay

Association among language,culture and character - Essay Example d emphasize, be the words composed or in an electronic structure, anyway in Hall’s see â€Å"Language is one of the ‘media’ through which musings, thoughts and sentiments are spoken to in a Culture† (Hall, 1968, p. 1), which is valid since language is the main method of transportation in a culture and for these considerations and thoughts to be shipped starting with one individual then onto the next it is essential that the people or individuals between whom musings must be moved talk and comprehend a similar language in this manner empowering them to translate each other’s contemplations, emotions and thoughts. At the point when we talk about language as the main methods for transportation of musings and sentiments starting with one individual then onto the next we discuss words verbally expressed or composed as well as of images and signs and whatever other methods which we order into single word ‘language’ to improve things a piece. S ubsequently language is a method of portrayal; this portrayal might be in any structure, including images, words, sounds, melodic notes, non-verbal communication or outward appearances. As Stuart Hall clarifies about the connection among language and portrayal; demanding that dialects ‘utilise’ portrayal and are in reality techniques for portrayal which, not just in composed structure or through discourse, help in communicating be it a thought or an inclination. Corridor further discussions that the entirety of the dialects work on comparable components taking care of their own creation by the need of individuals to communicate and convey. Along these lines every one of our activities or motions speak to something and ‘language’ is the thing that conveys that portrayal however the case might be that a specific language conveys the portrayal of a specific culture. Besides Hall brings up that separated from us individuals, enterprises, for example, style vent ures likewise use portrayal through attire and consequently a language to communicate their thoughts, however what factor it is that offers ‘meaning’ to these thoughts and contemplations and even to individuals and language? Corridor explains that;

Extreme Sports free essay sample

Extraordinary Sports Have you at any point accomplished something so outrageous, that you’ve really took a chance with your life for it possibly? Assuming this is the case, for what reason did you do it? Possibly to demonstrate a point, yet to who? Numerous individuals really feel like they should have that effect on the planet and demonstrate a point to every other person about having the option to achieve something perhaps nobody else could. It appears to be an approach to get consideration potentially. Or on the other hand possibly this equitable demonstrates what individuals will really accomplish for cash on the off chance that it in certainty was included. It’s really said a few people with individual experience to be to a greater extent a psychological and otherworldly activity, instead of a physical test, however there’s no denying that you accomplish work your legs, lung and tendons. Ordinary, brave individuals everywhere throughout the world are taking an interest in outrageous games like experience hustling, bull-battling, in-line skating, bungee hopping, snow boarding and skateboarding. We will compose a custom exposition test on Outrageous Sports or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These games include a genuine hazard, and that’s why they are called Extreme Sports. Beginning with one of the most lively and developing game in North America, experience dashing in 1999 will see up to 80 rivalries for the game alone. This implies a huge number of individuals will be taking an interest, while a large number will watch it on their own special TVs at home. Experience dashing incorporates finishing extraordinary exercises before different groups including hiking, bicycle riding, and in any event, paddling. A sort of experience dashing that is powering up is the independent rivalries. This sort of dashing is protected, yet it essentially implies that you don't have partners to pay special mind to you any longer. You should likewise push it to your best, and be a brisk and quick. To guard the dashing condition as could be expected under the circumstances, an affiliation was shaped called the Adventure Racing Association. The principal meeting was in Australia on August 22nd, 1997. Around 50 individuals of various countries accumulated to examine the exceptionally significant subjects of wellbeing in the dashing condition. It is likewise a spot for these individuals to get familiar with the occasions, and talk about the game. A man named Dugard composed during his underlying involvement with the Raid in 1992: What I truly needed to do was stopped. Ive had enough of this absurdity this anguish. The temperature is 120 degrees. Ive climbed, boated, kayaked and moved more than 350 miles. I have certainly experienced the guarantee that race coordinator and originator Gerard Fusil made when I beseeched him to allow me to contend. You will endure. Rock climbing is an International game that numerous individuals accomplish for no particular reason. They picked a site to essentially â€Å"climb†, and that’s precisely what they do! Climbing is a perilous and gambling sport, and is fundamentally th e same as something you’d do in Adventure Racing. Just, as a rule rock climbers and hikers do it essentially for entertainment only, and it’s typically not a race when it’s all alone. It can even be for a family get-away to go rock climbing! For individuals who rock climb regularly, it is fundamental that you purchase your own hardware for your excursions. â€Å"What hardware would that be? † you inquire? Indeed, you need climbing shoes. Will these be customary sneakers? † is a mainstream posed inquiry. The appropriate response is, No, they should be unique firmly fitting around your foot with a clingy elastic underside that gives the erosion that you requirement for climbing. The bands of the shoes as a rule stretch out the entirety of the route to the toe, and right to the highest point of the shoe making them truly flexible. The trim shoe likewise has a sole that folds over the heel and up the sides of the shoe. Another sort of shoe that is utili zed is the shoe. Experienced climbers just utilize the shoe be that as it may however, on the grounds that it doesn’t give as much grasp as the bound up ones. Another significant thing that you’ll need is chalk. Sufficiently astonishing, the chalk is expected to put on your hands when they get very damp with sweat. This makes them, so they aren’t as sweat-soaked, and you have a superior grasp. Clearly the last most significant thing you’ll need is a rope. How might you plan on climbing that gigantic stone without a rope?! One more extraordinary game that is appreciated by numerous individuals overall is Bungee hopping. Bungee hopping was begun in England by Oxford Dangerous Sports club. They were the ones who named it Bungee. There are two unique sorts of bungee hopping. Those two sorts are spelled somewhat better. This first sort is Bungy hopping. Bungy hopping has a lower speed, smoother ride, and higher bounce back. It is generally something that can be found as an evaluated ride at the reasonable or entertainment meccas all around the globe. At that point, there is another sort of bungee bouncing, which is spelled Bungee hopping. Bungee bouncing is the official, genuine bungee experience. It has much more freefall than the conventional Bungy bouncing experience, and isn't planned for individuals who are bashful or undurable for the ride. Bungee bouncing is another risky game that includes an immense self hazard for the jumper. Numerous mishaps have been accounted for about Bungee hopping, and tragically enough, the people themselves aren’t consistently the ones who have command over their wellbeing. Once in a while the individuals who work at the clubs of Bungee hopping may inadvertently plan something incorrectly for cause a mishap. This is the reason you should go to a club that you trust. One of the numerous episodes incorporate the latest, this year, when a 16-year-old young lady hopped from a 15 m high stage on a nippy virus evening in Korea. A help wire which was utilized to permit the string to drop was solidified, so the young lady wound up stalling out 10 m from the beginning frosty climate until a fire salvage group arrived at get her, which wound up being a crisp 4 hours! A mishap that occurred in Greece was brought about by the jumper rather than a club specialist this time. The jumper was very apprehensive and was holding on to hop off of the stage. In the wake of hearing the jumpmaster (which is the individual who goes up with the jumper to safeguard right bouncing methods) tally down to one, the jumper inclined forward to do the hop. Subsequent to taking a gander at the good ways from him to the ground, he chose perhaps it wasn’t such a cool thought, and turned around to snatch the jumpmaster to come back to the stage. As a misstep on the jumpmaster’s part, he himself was not made sure about and lashed in, so when the jumper grasped a him, he wound up taking off the stage alongside the jumper. The jumpmaster passed on, yet the jumper didn’t since he was the one lashed on to the Bungee line. As should be obvious, bungee bouncing is an additional outrageous to life that numerous individuals are shockingly ready to proceed with. These games include a genuine hazard in your ordinary human capacities. Despite the fact that the greater part of these lively exercises that individuals take part in are intended to be fun, there are chances that something may turn out badly if systems aren’t followed accurately. That’s why it is imperative to consistently ensure you are proceeding with your games under safe hands. Here and there clubs and locales that offer such diversion may not be totally reliable to the extent following the right bearings of how they ought to appropriately go about such outrageous games. You should likewise be answerable for ensuring on the off chance that you are healthy and can withstand such occasions like coarse hiking, fast pace energetic hustling, and hopping free-tumble off of a 15 m high off the ground stage. You should not take part in such games in the event that you have certain medical issues, for example, back agonies, or shoulder torments. You absolutely ought not do them on the off chance that you are pregnant. Along these lines, avoid any and all risks, and settle on the correct choices and you can be headed toward have an encounter of a lifetime! Presently you know why they call it Extreme, don’t you?

Social Care Practice Essay - Free Essay Example

An Investigation of Principles, Care Strategies and Theories Related to Social Care Practice Part One This section provides a summative assessment of the principles, care strategies and theories that direct social care work within the UK. Specifically, the application of support principles, procedures for protecting clients from harm and the advantages of utilising a person-centred approach in working with clients are discussed. Additionally, ethical issues, applicable policies, legislation issues and regulation and the impacts of existing policies are presented in relation to providing social care. Applications of Support Principles Ensuring that individuals are properly cared for in health and social care requires the application of a number of support principles. Examples of these support principles include equity in the provision of care, universality in its accessibility and providing multiple financial options for individuals of all backgrounds (Alcock, Daly Griggs, 2008). As the individuals who require health and social care services differ in their ethnic, cultural, social and socioeconomic backgrounds, these support principles are pivotal in meeting the needs of the greatest percentage of the population (Alcock et al., 2008). Valuing diversity and providing support for families of varying backgrounds is a critical component of UK health and social care policy (Alcock et al., 2008). Procedures for Protecting Clients from Harm Protecting clients from harm is another important consideration for social care home managers within the UK. Generally, clients taking advantage of social care services are in vulnerable positions, and face financial, psychological or medical difficulties that make them prone to potential harm or abuse (Alcock, May Rowlingson, 2008). The practise of safeguarding social care receivers is critical to preventing such abuse (Alcock et al., 2008). Current National Health Service (NHS, 2012) policy mandates that health and social care workers adhere to strict procedures for preventing neglect or abuse. Practitioners are held accountable for the services they provide, as well as their efforts to empower clients, protect their confidentiality and basic human rights and taking any additional measures necessary to protect vulnerable clients (NHS, 2012). Benefits of the Person-Centred Approach The person-centred approach guides all current UK health and social care practice (Edwards, 2012). This model of care, based on the early therapeutic work of Carl Rogers, emphasises protecting the individual rights of clients, and making decisions in a manner that best meets their unique needs (Moon, 2008). While this term is used frequently in other health and social care systems, many find themselves actually relying on financial and political considerations when planning care (Moon, 2008). The NHS prides itself on placing client satisfaction in the spotlight and enacting legislation that protects this person-centred approach, such as the Human Rights and Equality Acts (NHS, 2012). The advantages of this model range from increased client satisfaction, the ability to reach individuals from a diverse range of ethnic and financial backgrounds and more effective case outcomes (Edwards, 2012). Ethical Dilemmas and Conflicts Health and social care is a field rife with potential ethical dilemmas and conflicts. Examples of ethical dilemmas that commonly arise in this field are potential legal violations on the part of a client or colleague, the necessity to select between case alternatives that do not meet client needs, reporting unethical or illegal behaviour on the part of the client and negotiating roles and responsibilities when working with vulnerable population members (Edwards, 2012). Due to the sometimes-sensitive nature of the health and social care field, the NHS maintains ethical guidelines and policies for all practitioners to follow (McLean, 2010). Additionally, these guidelines are subject to perpetual reform to adapt to changing population needs (McLean, 2010). Implementation of Policies, Legislation, Regulations and Codes The NHS continually evaluates its policies, legislation, regulations and codes to ensure they are relevant and specific to the varying ethnic, cultural and financial backgrounds of the population (Tingle Bark, 2011). The Health and Social Care Act 2012 currently serves as the most extensive legislation guiding the field within the UK (Department of Health, 2012). This act maintains policies on health and social care providers, professional accountability and the organisation of the field (Department of Health, 2012). Within this act are specific policy standards providing a greater voice for patients, a more patient-centred model of care and standards on streamlining health and social care services to prevent inefficiency (Department of Health, 2012). The result of this act has been greater accessibility of care and improved health and social care efficiency (Department of Health, 2012). Local Policies and Procedures While UK legislation guides health and social care practice throughout the region, local policies and procedures may vary depending on population needs (Tingle Bark, 2011). For example, regions with higher or lower socioeconomic statuses may adapt local health and social care policy accordingly (Tingle Bark, 2011). In such cases, local government associations or community well-being associations can convene to reform procedures in a manner that best meets local needs (Department of Health, 2012). These organisations serve to inform NHS policy through highlighting various local health and social care needs (McLean, 2010). Through adapting local policies and procedures to meet community need, the NHS is able to deliver a higher quality of service on a national level (McLean, 2010). Impact of Policy, Legislation and Codes of Practice Legislation, policy and code reform have a profound impact on health and social care practice. This reform protects both clients and practitioners, and provides practical guidance as to best practices related to specific social care needs (Department of Health, 2012). The aim of evaluating policy, legislation and codes of practice is to ensure that standards are current, relevant, clear to clients and practitioners and ensure the safe and ethical care of all individuals (Tingle Bark, 2011). Part Two Changes in rules and legislations regarding health and social care practice serve to protect clients from discrimination and facilitate optimal person-centred care. Understanding the theories, social processes and professional roles involved can promote more holistic care delivery and prevent common ethical dilemmas. This section discusses such theoretical contributions to the health and social care field, as well as changes in organisational policy. Theories Underpinning Health and Social Care Practice Theory is critical to the field of health and social care, as it directs all practice (Jones Atwal, 2009). The general theories and models of care utilised within the healthcare system ultimately dictate its legislation and policy reform (Jones Atwal, 2009). Furthermore, delivering care based on theory helps guide future health and social care research (Jones Atwal, 2009). Health and social care within the UK is largely based on humanistic theory (Edwards, 2012). Humanistic theory emphasises the individual needs of each individual in designing care services, protecting clients individual rights, autonomy and dignity (Levin et al., 2011). Additionally, humanistic health and social care values the significance of effective communication with clients and colleagues, as well as in inter-professional working environments (Edwards, 2012). Humanistic theory is responsible for the person-centred model of care practised within the UK, which has subsequently directed recent policy refo rm (Levin et al., 2011). Additionally, social learning theory has had a large impact on health and social care practice in the UK (Jones Atwal, 2009). This theory highlights the importance of learning through observation and modelling in terms of adhering to a care plan (Jones Atwal, 2009). Through understanding the significance of this form of learning, care home managers can empower clients and provide the best possible care to individuals of diverse backgrounds (Mendelstem, 2009). Theory-driven health and social care practice is generally better suited to address the multiple factors that influence practice (Mendelstem, 2009). Finally, anti-oppressive theory and anti-discriminatory practice have shaped health and social care in the UK (Alcock et al., 2008). Anti-oppressive theory pertains to a style of professionalism that emphasises the role of social justice and the significance of individual rights (Alcock et al., 2008). Anti-discriminatory practice refers to social wo rk that serves a range of diverse social and ethnic backgrounds, and does not limit service based on any of these characteristics (Alcock et al., 2008). Impacts of Social Processes Social learning and other social processes can impact health and social care services in varying ways. For example, user involvement has recently been a key focus of policy reform within the UK (Kings Fund, 2011). This practice has promoted a more patient-centred health care model that accounts for the perspectives of both patients and caregivers (Kings Fund, 2011). Research (e.g., Levin et al., 2011) has demonstrated that user involvement has improved service related to cancer care, as well as other disciplines within the health and social care umbrella. Forming a partnership with health and social care users and professionals can improve the inter-professional working environment and strengthen individual impacts on both policy and care (Kings Fund, 2011). Additionally, engaging users and accounting for social processes in directing health care policy has shifted the current model from a reactive-oriented approach to one that is more proactive (Hearnden , 2008). Through incorp orating service users, for example, the health and social care field has been able to anticipate cultural change and meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population (Hearnden , 2008). Finally, the combination of the engagement of users and the person-centred care model, the process of social exclusion within the health care system has largely been avoided (Hearnden , 2008). Effectiveness of Inter-Professional Working Health and social care within the UK is trending toward an increasingly inter-professional working model (Wallace Davies, 2009). This health and social care policy promotes the collaboration of professionals to best meet the needs of clients (Wallace Davies, 2009). The NHS has incorporated this policy into its legislation, and emphasises care that fosters working relationships between differing professional organisations (Trodd Chivers, 2011). This model of care has resulted in a higher level of care within the UK, and has been critical in transforming perspectives on healthcare (Trodd Chivers, 2011). Accompanying the inter-professional model of care in the UK has been a more collaborative educational model (Courtenay, 2012). Practitioners are increasingly trained to incorporate an understanding of inter-professional care into their academic programmes, leading to a more holistic and patient-centred healthcare system (Courtenay, 2012). The sharing of knowledge that has resul ted from this inter-professional model has subsequently created more effective and efficient care plans (Jones Atwal, 2009). Though the implementation of an inter-professional working environment into practice has faces several challenges, such as a lack of support or training from managers, consistent evaluation and reform has led to improvements in the level of care throughout the UK (Trodd Chivers, 2011). Perhaps the most important area in which inter-professional working has been effective is its ability to transcend professional boundaries (Courtenay, 2012). Through effective collaboration with colleagues, professionals are able to share responsibilities and bypass many of the conflicts that previously detracted from these collaborative efforts (Courtenay, 2012). The result has been a more efficient and effective model of care (Courtenay, 2012). Role, Responsibilities, Accountabilities and Duties Regardless of ones specific role within the health and social care system, working within a team environment enables professionals to work through difficult practical problems (Mendelstem, 2009). Additionally, the inter-professional working environment allows professionals to share resources, knowledge and services to solve these complex challenges (Mendelstem, 2009). All professionals are responsible for maintaining ethical codes and professional standards related to their specific health and social care discipline. The effective sharing of information within an inter-professional work environment requires that individuals are held accountable for maintaining a high level of expertise, and effectively carry out their professional duties (Mendelstem, 2009). Each individual within the inter-professional working environment is also responsible for demonstrating the values and principles set forth by the NHS and their specific professional governance (Jones Atwal, 2009). Collabora ting with colleagues requires ethical conduct, effective verbal and non-verbal communication, respect for the contributions of other members of the care team and sharing responsibilities and professional duties (Harlen, 2005). Understanding these roles, responsibilities, accountabilities and duties facilitates a more holistic, patient-centred model of care (Day Wigens, 2006). As a health and social care student, educating ones self regarding these factors and their influence on policy is critical to future practice. Encouraging this understanding further improves the quality and efficiency of the healthcare system (Day Wigens, 2006). Contributions to Organisational Policy Many roles within the health and social care field serve to assist in the implementation and reform of national healthcare policies (Jones Atwal, 2009). As health and social care is practiced in a diverse range of settings, these workers play a vital role in directing organisational policy (Edwards, 2012). No other professionals possess the combination of organisational and practical insight as health and social care workers, and these professionals are essential in enabling other professionals, such as government officials and educators, in carrying out their duties (Jones Atwal, 2009). Additionally, health and social care workers are the first line of defence in safeguarding vulnerable population groups, and are primarily responsible for directing organisational policy regarding protecting these individuals (Department of Health, 2011). In protecting clients rights, social care workers are important in obtaining the resources needed to promote best practice standards (Pereir a et al., 2008). Finally, through engaging in ethical practice, effectively managing case loads and continuing to increase professional knowledge, social care workers are influential in contributing to organisational quality (Edwards, 2012). Recommendations for Good Practice In meeting good practice requirements, education and professional development are vital (Courtenay, 2012). Through continuing to receiver further training, professionals can sharpen their skills and best meet the changing needs of a diverse population (Courtenay, 2012). Additionally, incorporating evidence into practice can facilitate a higher level of quality in health and social care (Rushton, 2005). This practice involves the review and dissemination of current research surrounding health and social care, and the subsequent implementation of this evidence into professional practice (Day Wigens, 2006). The combination of these strategies can ensure the safeguarding of vulnerable population groups, a more collaborative working environment and the successful adherence to best practice standards (Courtenay, 2012). Reference: Alcock, C., Daly, G. and Griggs, E. (2008). Introducing Social Policy, 2nd edit, London: Pearson. Alcock, P., May, M. and Rowlingson, K. (eds.). (2008). The Students Companion to Social Policy, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Courtenay, M. (2012). Interprofessional education between nurse prescribing and medical students: a qualitative study. Journal of Interprofessional Care. [online] Available at: https://informahealthcare.com/eprint/CPYbh6yxn64UppIy35J7/full [Accessed 28 February 2013]. Day, J. and Wigens, L. (2006) Inter-professional working: An essential guide for health and social care professionals. London: Nelson Thornes. Department of Health (2011). Safeguarding Adults: The role of health services. [online] Available at: https://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAnd uidance/DH_124882. Accessed 28 February 2013. Department of Health (2012). Health and Social Care Act Explained. [online] Available at: https://www.dh.gov.uk/health/2012/06/act-explained/. Accessed 28 February 2013. Edwards, A. (2012). Putting patients first. British Medical Journal, 344, pp. 233-240. Harlen, W. (2005). Teachers summative practices and assessment for learning tensions and synergies. Curriculum Journal, 16(2), pp. 207-223. Hearnden, M. (2008). Coping with differences in culture and communication in health care. Nursing Standard, 23(11), pp. 49-57. Jones, M. and Atwal, A (2009). Preparing for Professional Practice in Health Social Care. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Kings Fund. (2011). The future of leadership and management in the NHS. [online] Available at: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/future-leadership-and-management-nhs. Accessed 28 February 2013. Levin, R. F., Overholt, E. F., Melnyk, B. M., Barnes, M. and Vetter, M. J. (2011). Fostering evidence-based practice to improve nurse and cost outcomes in a community health setting. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 35(1), pp. 21-33. Mendelstem, M. (2009). Safeguarding vulnerable adults and the law. London: Jessica Kingsley. Publishers. McLean, S. (2010). Autonomy, Consent and the Law. London: Routledge-Cavendish. Moon, J.A. (2008). Reflection in learning and professional development: theory and practice. London: Routledge Falmer. National Health Services. (2012). The NHS Constitution. London: Department of Health. Pereira, J., Nagarajah, L., Win, K., Joachim, P. and Wjesuriya, L. (2008). Formative feedback to students: the mismatch between faculty perceptions and student expectations. Medical Teacher, 30(4), pp. 395-399. Rushton, A. (2005). Formative assessment: a key to deep learning. Medical Teacher, 26(6), pp. 509-513. Tingle, J. and Bark, P. (2011). Patient Safety, Law Policy Practice. Abingdon: Taylor Francis. Trodd, L. and Chivers, L. (2011). Interprofessional Working in Practice Learning and working together for children and families. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Wallace, C and Davies, J. (2009). Sharing Assessment in Health Social Care A Professional Handbook for Interprofessional Working. London: Sage.

5 Common African American Stereotypes in TV and Film

African Americans may be scoring more substantial parts in film and television, but many continue to play roles that fuel stereotypes, such as thugs and maids. The prevalence of these parts reveals the importance of  #OscarsSoWhite and how African Americans continue to struggle for quality roles on both the small and big screens, despite having won  Academy Awards  in  acting, screenwriting,  music production and other categories. The Magical Negro Magical Negro characters have long played key roles in films and television programs. These characters tend to be African American men with special powers who make appearances solely to help white characters out of jams, seemingly unconcerned about their own lives. The late Michael Clarke Duncan famously played such a character in â€Å"The Green Mile.† Moviefone wrote of Duncan’s character, John Coffey, â€Å"He’s more an allegorical symbol than a person, his initials are J.C., he has miraculous healing powers, and he voluntarily submits to execution by the state as a way of doing penance for the sins of others. A ‘Magical Negro’ character is often the sign of lazy writing at best, or of patronizing cynicism at worst.† Magical Negroes are also problematic because they have no inner lives or desires of their own. Instead, they exist solely as a support system to the white characters, reinforcing the idea that African Americans aren’t as valuable or as human as their white counterparts. They don’t require unique storylines of their own because their lives simply don’t matter as much. In addition to Duncan, Morgan Freeman has played in some such roles, and Will Smith played a Magical Negro in â€Å"The Legend of Bagger Vance.† The Black Best Friend Black Best Friends typically don’t have special powers like Magical Negroes do, but they mainly function in films and television shows to guide white characters out of a crisis. Usually, female, the black best friend functions â€Å"to support the heroine, often with sass, attitude and a keen insight into relationships and life,† critic Greg Braxton noted in the  Los Angeles Times. Like Magical Negroes, black best friends appear not to have much going on in their own lives but turn up at exactly the right moment to coach white characters through life. In the film â€Å"The Devil Wears Prada,† for example, actress Tracie Thoms plays friend to star Anne Hathaway, reminding Hathaway’s character that she’s losing touch with her values. Also, actress Aisha Tyler played friend to Jennifer Love Hewitt on â€Å"The Ghost Whisperer,† and Lisa Nicole Carson played friend to Calista Flockhart on â€Å"Ally McBeal.† Television executive Rose Catherine Pinkney told the Times that there is a long tradition of black best friends in Hollywood. â€Å"Historically, people of color have had to play nurturing, rational caretakers of the white lead characters. And studios are just not willing to reverse that role.† The Thug There’s no shortage of black male actors playing drug dealers, pimps, con-artists and other forms of criminals in television shows and films such as â€Å"The Wire† and â€Å"Training Day.† The disproportionate amount of African Americans playing criminals in Hollywood fuels the racial stereotype that black men are dangerous and drawn to illicit activities. Often these films and television shows provide little social context for why more black men than others are likely to end up in the criminal justice system. They overlook how racial and economic injustice makes it more difficult for young black men to evade a prison term or how policies such as stop-and-frisk and racial profiling make black men targets of the authorities. They fail to ask whether black men are inherently more likely to be criminals than anyone else or if society plays a role in creating the cradle-to-prison pipeline for African American men. The Brash Woman Black women are routinely portrayed in television and film  as sassy, neck-rolling harpies  with major attitude problems. The popularity of reality television shows adds fuel to the fire of this stereotype. To ensure that programs such as â€Å"Basketball Wives† maintain plenty of drama, often the loudest and most aggressive black women are featured on these shows. Black women say these depictions have real-world consequences in their love lives and careers. When Bravo debuted the reality show â€Å"Married to Medicine† in 2013, black female physicians unsuccessfully petitioned the network to pull the plug on the program. â€Å"For the sake of integrity and character of black female physicians, we must ask that Bravo immediately remove and cancel ‘Married to Medicine’ from its channel, website, and any other media, the physicians demanded.  Black female physicians only compose 1 percent of the American workforce of physicians. Due to our small numbers, the depiction of black female doctors in media, on any scale, highly affects the public’s view of the character of all future and current African American female doctors.† The show ultimately aired and black women continue to complain that depictions of African American womanhood in the media fail to live up to reality. The Domestic Because blacks were forced into servitude for hundreds of years in the United States, it’s no surprise that one of the earliest stereotypes about African Americans to emerge in television and film is that of the domestic worker or mammy. Television shows and movies such as â€Å"Beulah† and â€Å"Gone With The Wind† capitalized on the mammy stereotype in the early 20th century. But more recently, movies such as â€Å"Driving Miss Daisy† and â€Å"The Help† featured African Americans as domestics as well. While Latinos are arguably the group most likely to be typecast as domestic workers nowadays, the controversy over the portrayal of black domestics in Hollywood hasn’t gone away. The 2011 film â€Å"The Help† faced intense criticism because the black maids helped catapult the white protagonist to a new stage in life while their lives remained static. Like the Magical Negro and the Black Best Friend, black domestics in film function mostly to nurture and guide white characters.

Modernization Vs. Dependency Theory Essays - 1487 Words

LDC Advisement: Modernization Theory vs Dependency Theory The path to modernization is one never clearly defined. The following report will attempt to analyze and critique our nation’s potential options concerning social and fiscal policy and use this information in an attempt to recommend future policy agenda. We will be dealing with primarily two theories on national (i.e. LDC) policy - modernization theory and dependency theory. Both have their own sets of costs and benefits as well as they do policy approaches. But before we go further, we must compare the two in attempt to see if either would compromise our government’s mandate. Currently our nation has found itself at a crossroads between the progress†¦show more content†¦However, we must be careful to temper this zeal if we choose to embrace our cultural heritage, as it could (as above) kindle anti-western feelings and furthermore, if left unchecked could result in a radical-conservative challenge to our standing government. These things being said, before we can hope to implement a successful economic program, we must first ensure that we can retain the support of the people in our endeavors. Significant economic progress may be difficult or impossible to accomplish if we cannot maintain internal stability. We need only to look to the status of the second world to recognize this fact. Open markets do not encourage western investment when coupled with uncertain governing bodies. Considering now again the two base theories, we are faced with a decision to make concerning economic policy. Globalization will be the first practice we may consider. Essentially this involves a western-style model for the state - free-markets, easy transfer of goods and capital, western values/ideology. It is perhaps the most direct way to capture the attention of the west and accordingly - their investments. We may be able to more easily receive IMF approved loans as well and enjoy a bit of added regional security due to the increased vested interest of the west. The biggest problem with adopting this philosophy isShow MoreRelatedModernization Theory Vs Dependency Theory1227 Words   |  5 PagesModernization theory vs Dependency theory While many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like David Brooks and Peter Hallward have described the natural disaster in Haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. With this said, by reducing the poverty level in countries such as Haiti, it is possible to avoid the many disasters that they face. Reducing poverty means that society must accept development. What is development and how can it be achievedRead MoreDependency Theory vs Modernization Theory1322 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment can be achieved through either the Modernization Theory, a view from the Global North, or the Dependency Theory, a view from the Global South. These two approaches are diverse from each other; however there are notable similarities between them too. Both the theories lack in certain places thus fail to escape criticism, however the Dependency Theory looks at development in a broader aspect. To begin with, one of the main similarities between the theories is that they both give much attentionRead MoreDifference Between Modernization Theory And Dependency Theory Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences between modernization theory and dependency theory? Does the human development approach represent a radical departure from both? 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Definitions of Critical Thinking and Value of Critical Thinking

Question: Discuss about the Definitions of Critical Thinking and Value of Critical Thinking in Nursing. Answer: Introduction Critical thinking is an intellectual process that includes coherent enquiry to enable clinical reasoning and decision-making (Alfaro-LeFevre, 2015). While critical thinking is not aimed only at obtaining results or response, it is a complex process oriented towards possible solution of problems. It is a systematic process where the thinking proceeds from understanding the situation, defining the problem, looking for what contributes to the problem, its interactions with the environment, possible solutions, available resources, constraints, and best possible solution and also the method of implementing that solution (Yildirim, and Ozkahraman, 2011). Critical reflection is another extended skill of cognitive functioning that applies the process of critical thinking. Definitions of Critical Thinking The dictionary definition of Critical Thinking is the practice of dynamically and skillfully hypothesizing, relating, analyzing, blending, and assessing information to reach an answer or conclusion. Also, it is the methodical intellect that is pure, lucid, open-minded, and based on evidence. Critical thinking requires an appraisal based on cautious logical assessment. Various scholars have defined Critical Thinking as follows Goal-oriented, self-disciplined decree which effect elucidation, investigation, appraisal, and extrapolation, as well as description of the methodological, evidential, theoretical, evidence-based, or contextual contemplations upon which that judgment is based (Fischer 2011). It Include an obligation to use reason and evidence in the construction of any opinions (Mulnix, 2010). Importance of Critical thinking in Nursing The intricacy and dynamic nature of the healthcare along with the requisite for patient-centered upkeep, according to evidence-based practice, recognise Critical Thinking as a competent tool in education and in clinical practice.Nursing is a profession which directly deals with lives of patients and put nurses in situations where they have to take quick and rational decisions. Thus it becomes imperative that nurses incorporate critical thinking in their decision making process and make it a part of their personality. The ability of thenursing professional to provide quality care depends, largely, upon their critical thinking skills so as to improve clinical decisions. Critical thinking could be developed duringnursing education and then professional career. Definitions of Critical Thinking in Nursing There is a specialised conceptualisation of critical thinking with reference to the field of nursing care. The difference from that of other disciplines is because of clinical processes in the nursing discipline. Thus clinical application requires Critical Thinking to be a multi-disciplinary or rather inter-disciplinary process including rational skills and attitudinal outlooks. Also to be clinically applicable, Critical Thinking ought to be an organised, expedient thought process that requires methodologies in order to obtain the preferred outcomes. Moreover it is the process of examining, gaining, assessing, conceptualizing analyzing, and synthesizing information; its attributes are replication, framework, negotiation, and period (zkahraman, and Y?ld?r?m, 2011). The word Critical thinking has several different synonyms which are spoken frequently to refer to the same meaning: clinical thinking, clinical reasoning, clinical decree, clinical judgement, scientific decision-making, problem-solving, and nursing practice (Edwards, 2007). The procedure of clinical reasoning is highly mentioned in the academic texts, and is linked to the clinical decrees, resolution of problems, and taking diagnostic decisions. It has been referred to as the cognitive progression, which applies knowledge and experience towards problem solving during clinical practice (Gillespie, and Peterson, 2009). Clinical judgement is another term, defined as taking clinical decisions based on clinical reasoning and critical thinking. Initiatives to promote critical thinking in Nursing Several global establishments have taken initiatives towards incorporating Critical Thinking into nursing practice and education. For example, the National League for Nurses (NLN) included critical thinking as one of the criterion for accreditation of academic programs. The Joint Commission for Accreditation (JCA) for Healthcare Organisations included Critical Thinking as a norm and a key skill in nursing practice. However some problems remain associated with this criterion for accreditation, such as the abstract thought process, generalisability of critical reflection thoughts, and approaches used towards development of profession. The uncertainty of the fact that Critical Thinking requires various types of abstract measurements also depends upon familiarity and contextual factors (the work flow, and social and political factors). There are concerns to develop post-graduate training programs that embrace explicit approaches for the progress of Critical Thinking skills among nursing students. Some of the approaches are replications using questioning, anatomical models, reflective diaries, creating concept maps, group dynamics, and teaching tools based on reasoning. Studies have reported that simulation as an educational technique have shown good results in the development of Critical Thinking skills (Wood, and Toronto, 2012), Researchers have also associated simulation with the skills of clinical judgment, especially post-simulation interrogations (Lusk, and Fater, 2013). The interrogative process of critical thinking also helps in reflecting at new informations and thus increases wisdom and knowledge of new nurses as well as students (Forneris, and Peden-McAlpine, 2009). Similarly Group dynamics also encourage the development of Critical Thinking skills in nursing students. The students could also maintain a reflective diary which helps in regularising critical thinking as a routine exercise. Such an exercise helps in mastering the new knowledge as well as increasing the richness of academics. The students may also take the help of concept maps as an analytical tool which helps in arranging information in a logical sequence. The previous use of such tools by students or professional nurses helped them in bringing positive results to their work and academics (Wilgis, and McConnell, 2008). Conclusion The talent to reason rationally is a quintessential skill of nursing personnel; hence the scholarship of the method of correct argumentation is pertinent to the study of critical thinking. The ability to critically analyze an argument i.e. the reasoning is important. At the same time nursing personnel should be flexible and contemplate non-traditional substitutes and viewpoints. These supplementary abilities are what allow for critical thinking; a practice incorporating imagination and intuition in congruence with traditional modes of deductive inquiry. Critical Thinking, if applied rigorously to clinical nursing practice helps encouraging evidence based practice and competence in the profession. The mastery of Critical Thinking skills, in bringing about safe and competent care, may serve to improve clinical precision and decision-making skills, bringing favourable outcomes for patients. References Alfaro-LeFevre, R., 2015. Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning, and Clinical Judgment E-Book: A Practical Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Edwards, S.L. (2007). Critical thinking: a two-phase framework. Nurse Educ Pr, 7, 303-14. Fisher, A., 2011. Critical thinking: An introduction. Cambridge University Press. Forneris, S.G. and Peden?McAlpine, C., 2009. Creating context for critical thinking in practice: the role of the preceptor. Journal of advanced nursing, 65(8), pp.1715-1724. Gillespie, M. and Peterson, B.L., 2009. Helping Novice Nurses Make Effective Clinical Decisions: The Situated Clinical Decision?Making Framework. Nursing education perspectives, 30(3), pp.164-170. Lusk, J.M. and Fater, K., 2013. Postsimulation debriefing to maximize clinical judgment development. Nurse educator, 38(1), pp.16-19. Mulnix, J.W., 2012. Thinking critically about critical thinking. Educational Philosophy and theory, 44(5), pp.464-479. Ozkahraman, S. and Yildirim, B., 2011. An overview of critical thinking in nursing and education. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 1(2), pp.190-196. Wilgis, M. and McConnell, J., 2008. Concept mapping: An educational strategy to improve graduate nurses critical thinking skills during a hospital orientation program. The journal of continuing education in Nursing, 39(3), pp.119-126. Wood, R.Y. and Toronto, C.E., 2012. Measuring critical thinking dispositions of novice nursing students using human patient simulators. Journal of Nursing Education, 51(6), pp.349-352. Yildirim, B. and Ozkahraman, S., 2011. Critical thinking in nursing process and education. International journal of humanities and social science, 1(13), pp.257-262.

Kids Story Essays (280 words) - Checkers, NYPD Blue,

Kid's Story Andy Morgan went to mass every Sunday. He never missed one. He went with his mother, father, baby sister, and on occasion he brought his cat, checkers along. After mass they all went for lunch and a walk in the park. One day the unspeakable happened to checkers the cat; he passed away. And Andy was sad. The next Sunday Andy told his family that he did not want to attend mass that day. His family was shocked, especially his mother who wanted to know why. So she marched up to his room and asked ?why don't you want to come with us to mass honey Andy looked up with a stream of tears flooding his face and said ?because God doesn't love me anymore, he took Checkers away, and now I am sad?. Andy's mother explained to Andy that God took checkers to a better place, and that he should be happy for checkers. She also explain to Andy that for every door that God closes, he opens a window. His mother's words consoled him, but Andy was still sad. Andy eventually went to mass that Sunday, and as was their custom, went for a walk in the park. While in the park Andy went off by himself, and walk through checkers favorite places. While looking up at checkers favorite tree, Andy spotted a homeless kitten with swirls on his coat. The kitten came down from the tree, and jump up unto Andy's arms. Andy then knew that God had not forsaken him, because he had sent him another cat, which Andy appropriately name Swirls. Andy never forgot about Checkers, but Swirls made him happy again. English Essays